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Subject: FAQ: 2 - General Information
2 GENERAL INFORMATION
General information
2.1 Where to get answers?
If you run into a problem, first read the FAQ of course :-) Second you
might consider asking NeXT directly through the electronic service:
nextanswers@next.com. Send an e-mail with subject: ascii help index to
start.
If all fails, post to the newsgroups concerning NeXT related topics:
comp.sys.next.*, de.comp.sys.next.
2.2 How may I contact NeXT, Inc.?
Next, Inc. Contacting NeXT, Inc. Address of NeXT, Inc.
NeXT, Inc. can be reached under the following addresses.
USA: NeXT, Inc.
900 Chesapeake Drive
Redwood City, CA 94063
Voice: 800-848-NeXT (Redwood City #)
Voice: (415)-366-0900
NeXT marketing div. of Canon - Japan
Phone: 81-44-549-5295
Fax: 81-44-549-5462
EUROPE: Munich: 49-89-996-5310
Note: numbers abroad are listed with the country codes first. You will
need to dial the international access number of your long distance
carrier before proceeding to dialing the country code, area code and
phone number.
2.3 FTP servers
FTP Software
The FAQ mentions a lot of software packages which you might find
useful. In general there are two big sites serving Europe and the US.
These sites keep most of the software available and do mirror
themselves to keep up to date (although the structure of the archive
differ). If the software isn't on one of these sites, the appropriate
site is listed in the text.
If you get slow connections you might want to consider contacting a
mirror of the both sites. For the Peanuts archive (Europe) the WWW
pages http://peanuts.leo.org give you links to an updated list of
mirrors and other FTP sites.
The addresses are:
next-ftp.peak.org (formerly the ftp.cs.orst.edu archive)
peanuts.leo.org (Peanuts archive in Europe)
2.4 Software on CD
There are currently two CD (sets) which serve you with
NEXTSTEP/OpenStep software:
Nebula. Nebula is published by Walnut Creek and mostly contains actual
recompiled software for all supported hardware platforms. It might be
the best choice for those who don't own a compiler. A big font
collection and a developer section complete the disk.
Peanuts Archive Disks. The Peanuts FTP Archive in Munich distributes
their complete NEXTSTEP/OpenStep archive on CD. This currently brings
you 3CDs full with software. Although the software isn't compiled for
each hardware (it is provided 'as uploaded') it is the most complete
software and information resource available on CD. (It includes the
NeXTanswers published by NeXT).
2.5 What is the current status of NEXTSTEP/OpenStep?
status, NEXTSTEP status, OpenStep
The third production version 3.3, has been released for Intel
Processors (i486 and higher) as well as for NeXT hardware (not
manufactured any longer but still supported), HP workstations and Sun
workstations.
OpenStep versions are announced and will be available this year (1996)
for Windows NT, Windows 95, Mach and Solaris. The status for
DEC machines and their OS (OSF/1, OpenVMS) is unknown. At least it is
uncertain that there will be a port to OSF/1 or even OpenVMS, because
DEC is doing the port alone. At least you can run OpenStep on DEC
machines running Windows NT in the near future.
There will be no NEXTSTEP 4.0, because NeXT changed the naming
conventions. NEXTSTEP 4.0 (also sometimes referenced as 'Mekka') is
now named 'OpenStep for Mach'
2.6 Will there be a public implementation of OpenStep?
Yes, there is a project by GNU. The so named GNUStep is available in
pre-alpha state from the archive sites. Be aware that it is not fully
functional and currently requires Motif.
2.7 Are there differences between Openstep for Mach and other implementations?
Yes there are. OpenStep for Mach will include all the well known
features from NEXTSTEP (Services, Filters, SoundKit, ...) which the
other implementations will lack, due to the underlying OS.
To get all the benefits which is offered in NEXTSTEP today, you need
to go for OpenStep for Mach.
2.8 What information is available by NeXT
information NeXT
NeXT, Inc. now operates an automatic e-mail response system. Send
e-mail to "nextanswers@next.com" with the subject
"ascii help index"
to start.
2.9 What is the correct spelling?
NeXT did (and probably will) change their naming conventions a lot.
E.g. NEXTSTEP is the current correct spelling for their operating
system. With the shipping of OpenStep, there will be no more NEXTSTEP,
but OpenStep for Mach/Solaris/HP-UX/Windows95/WindowsNT.
Incorrect spellings are: NeXTSTEP, NeXTstep, NeXTStep.
A common shortcut used in the newsgroups is: NS for NEXTSTEP.
2.10 How do I start an official NeXT User Group?
NUG user groups NeXT user groups To start a user group, just send
e-mail to user_groups@next.com.
2.11 Are there differences in the NEXTSTEP implementations?
No, there are no differences beside the DSP, which is a hardware
feature of NeXT computers. On other hardware platforms you have to buy
additional hardware.
2.12 What are the names of the ftp sites that have NeXT-related files?
FTP, servers
There are too many to list them all, so are here are just a few.
NEXTSTEP: cs.orst.edu
ftp.informatik.tu-muenchen.de (peanuts)
nova.cc.purdue.edu
sonata.cc.purdue.edu
umd5.umd.edu
ftp.cs.tu-berlin.de
MIT GNU: aeneas.mit.edu
MIT X: export.lcs.mit.edu
music: princeton.edu
2.13 Additional information sources
Additional information Information, additional Every NeXT machine
owner has access to manuals to a degree. Network and System
Administration (NSA), for example contains answers to many of the
questions asked to comp.sys.next. Some of the important man pages are
reproduced in the NSA as appendices.
User manuals were shipped with every NeXT. Additional copies available
from NeXT (N6002/N6003/N6014/N6026) $25.
The following books are available directly from NeXT:
* Operating System Software
* NeXTstep Concepts
* NeXTstep Reference, v. 1
* NeXTstep Reference, v. 2
* Development Tools
* Sound, Music, and Signal Processing: Concepts
* Sound, Music, and Signal Processing: Reference
* Writing Loadable Kernel Servers
* Technical Summaries
* Supplemental Documentation
Unix man pages, which are included in the online docs.
BSD unix documentation (MISC, PS1, PS2, SMM, USD). Available from to
USENIX site members. A lot of this has been integrated into the NeXT
documentation. Some of this is sorely missing. The SMM Unix System
Manager's Manual is really useful!
USENIX Association
2560 Ninth Street, Suite 215
Berkeley, CA 94710
USA +1 510 528 8649
fax +1 510 548 5738
office@usenix.org
* PS1 = Programmer's Supplementary Documents, Volume 1
* PS2 = Programmer's Supplementary Documents, Volume 2
* SMM = System Manager's Manual
* USD = User's Supplementary Documents
The SMM and the rest of the berkeley documentation are also available
directly and for free via anon ftp e.g. from
ftp.uu.net /packages/bsd-sources/share/doc.
To format them properly for viewing and printing on the NeXT use nroff
with the package indicated by the file suffix (e.g. to format the
documentation file 0.t use nroff -mt 0.t).
Adobe documentation. Available machine-readable by e-mail from
ps-file-server@adobe.com. Hardcopy available from Adobe Developer
Support Line +1 415 961-4111 for a nominal charge. NeXT last shipped
these as part of the 1.0a release; hardcopies appeared in 0.9
Technical Documentation, were omitted in 1.0, and have returned in
updated form in Supplemental Documentation of the 2.0 Tech Docs (which
is not available on-line).
Get NextAnswers for Digital Librarian from NeXT. The current versions
are actually on ftp.next.com or available via the mailserver at
nextanswers@next.com.
Get NeXT Support Bulletin from the archives. It is meant for support
centers.
Another good source of information is the archives of previously
posted notes from the comp.sys.next.* newsgroups. Note that since the
split of comp.sys.next, there is a group archive maintained at
peanuts.leo.org:/pub/comp/sys/next/.
NeXTstep Advantage book is available electronically from the archive
servers.
The file name is NeXTstepAdvantage.tar.Z; (its compressed size is
about 1.3 megabytes; uncompressed, it's about 9.5 megabytes). It is a
good introduction to the NeXT programming environment.
2.14 How to get FTP files via e-mail.
FTP, e-mail access Some ftp sites are configured as an e-mail archive
server. This means you can upload and download files via e-mail.
Send mail to: archive-server@cc.purdue.edu
------------- mail-server@cs.tu-berlin.de
(with the subject line help and you will get a complete description of
this service)
Submissions: Mail should be sent to archive-server@cc.purdue.edu with
the subject of 'submission' (no ticks) if a person is submitting
material to the archives. They need to include a 1-2 sentence
description of the submission, the OS release the product runs on, and
if it is source, binary, newsletter, etc.
2.15 References on Objective C
Objective-C, documents Objective-C and other useful Object-oriented
programming references:
Budd, Timothy, An Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming
(Addison-Wesley) [It discusses Smalltalk, Object Pascal, C++ and
Objective-C]
Cox, Brad J., Object Oriented Programming: An Evolutionary Approach
ISBN 0-201-10393-1. (Addison-Wesley) [Note: 2nd edition - ISBN is
0-201-54834-8 and has coauthor A.J. Novobilski]
Huizenga, Gerrit, Slides from a short course on Objective-C available
via anonymous ftp from:
sonata.cc.purdue.edu:/pub/next/docs/ObjC.frame.Z, ObjC.ps.Z, or
OldObjC.wn.tar.Z
Meyer, Bertrand, Object-Oriented Software Construction
(Prentice-Hall).
NeXT Technical Documentation
Pinson and Weiner, Objective-C: Object-Oriented Programming Techniques
(Addison-Wesley). 350 pages, ISBN 0 201 50828 1, paperback.
User Reference Manual for Objective-C which is available from
Stepstone Corporation. (203)426-1875. Note: There are some differences
between Stepstone's Objective-C and NeXT's.
2.16 How to contact music interested people.
Music, contacts
Since NeXT has become for now the platform of choice for much of the
computer music composition and research community, the newsgroup
comp.music is one good place to find people with information and
interest in music on the NeXT.
There is also a mailing list specifically for NeXT music. For posting
to the dist list: nextmusic@horowitz.eecs.umich.edu
To subscribe, unsubscribe, change addresses, etc.:
nextmusic-request@horowitz.eecs.umich.edu
2.17 How to announce upcoming events
Announcements Please send any announcements of upcoming NeXT-related
events to next-announce@digifix.com These events will be posted to
comp.sys.next.announce. Be sure to send your announcement in plenty of
time to have it posted prior to the event. One to two weeks in advance
would be a good idea.
Since postings will be carried across many networks, commercial
announcements may be edited down to reflect network usage policies.
Look for current guidelines posted weekly in the newsgroup.
2.18 Can I mix different hardware running NEXTSTEP?
NeXT, networking Networking
Of course! NEXTSTEP is design to plug and play with existing NeXT
installations. NeXT has addressed interoperability between NEXTSTEP
systems in the following ways:
* NEXTSTEP systems share identical networking capabilities.
* NEXTSTEP systems share the same Distributed Objects.
* NEXTSTEP systems use the same system and network administration
services.
* NEXTSTEP systems use the same mass storage format. Yes, you can
take a external SCSI drive, removable media (e.g. Bernoulli etc)
or floppy disk and use it interchangeably between NeXT Computers
running NEXTSTEP.
2.19 Can I exchange software running on different hardware?
With the shipping of NEXTSTEP 3.x binaries are distributed FAT. This
means, that a binary might include different versions of the
executable for each hardware platform NEXTSTEP is running on. On the
archive sites you might easily recognize the supported hardware by a
key letter: N = NeXT computers, I=Intel based, H=HP hardware, S=Sun
hardware. A FAT binary is runable by every supported hardware listed
in the binary file. NeXT ships tools to examine such a fat binary and
to add/strip different hardware modules to/from a binary.
The correct spelling for a fat binary is: MAB binary (multi
architecture binary) but most commonly 'fat' is used.
With the shipping of OpenStep this will change. OpenStep applications
are only sourcecode compatible and have to be recompiled for each
architecture. This implies that you need a compiler for future
PD/SW/FW-software, although OpenStep for Mach will still support FAT
binaries and NEXTSTEP 3.x applications will continue to run under
OpenStep for Mach.